Burger King Case Study - 1437 Words

Prin. Of Marketing Burger King Case Study In the fast food world the market for the consumer’s dollars is as cutthroat as in any market out there. So far McDonald’s and its golden arches have reined supreme, leaving the leftovers for the likes of Wendy’s and Burger King. After several years of steadily declining profits, and upset franchisees, Burger King decided it was time for a change, both in its approach towards it marketing structure to the way it built and supplied new locations. With this desire to change the way the world looked at Burger King, and create new interest in their products, BK introduced its â€Å"Ace-in-the-hole†, the King. It was the rebirth of a retro BK adds campaign redone for the 21st century. I’m going to look†¦show more content†¦So, has Burger Kings strategic market planning worked? First I will look over a SWOT analysis to identify the landscape of the market and that will allow me to better analyze the effectiveness of their strategic planning. BK has several strengths that I could indentify: New Marketing Strategy, a diverse evolving menu, new more cost effective stores, and now with 3G Capital on their sidelines. Weaknesses of BK start with a large number of locations being run down and out of date as well as strong competition from competitors. Also they have been slow to change over to fat-free and Trans fat-free menu options which has hurt the company. Some opportunities on the horizon for BK stems from the expansion into international markets. They are also doing work to bring around a full change to more efficient, drive-thru locations that are cheaper and more energy efficient. â€Å"Meanwhile, new stores are smaller, reducing building costs by 20 to 25 percent, Chidsey said. They sit on a half-acre of land rather than a full acre, and have 40 or 60 seats compared to 100 or more — following studies that show only about 20 percent of customers eat inside(Assoc. Press, 2007).† All t his bodes well for BK but I also want to look at several of the threats facing them. These start with a struggling economy, pressure from health conscious organizations, as well as competition from the new hybrid â€Å"fast-casual†Show MoreRelatedBurger King Case Study1295 Words   |  6 PagesBackground Burger King is a global  chain  of  hamburger  fast food restaurants  headquartered in  unincorporated  Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The company began in 1953 as Insta-Burger King,in  Jacksonville, Florida. After Insta-Burger King ran into financial difficulties in 1955, its two Miami-based franchisees,  David Edgerton  and  James McLamore, purchased the company and renamed it Burger King. Over the next half century the company would change hands four times, with its third set of ownersRead MoreEssay on Burger King Case Study958 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study #6 Burger King and Crispin 1. What are Burger King’s communication objectives for its tar-get audience? In 2004, Burger King’s CEO Brad Blum realized that in order to compete with large chains like McDonald’s and Wendy’s, the company needed to market their product in ways that their target market would perceive better. The first set of commercials that Crispin produced for BK where targeted more towards the mainstream media in a series of offbeat ads that were a takeoff on the comedyRead MoreCase Study : Burger King 1834 Words   |  8 Pages Burger King. McDonalds.Wendy’s. All of these restaurants have one thing in common: they all are apart of the fast food chain. A chain that is supported by 1 of 4 Americans each day. Americans. The ones who say â€Å"filing my taxes are easier than doing taxes.† Although this statement is sad, it is true. It is very challenging to eat healthy by the way we run our lives. Not to mention it is nearly impossible to go into a grocery store and find a true well balanced meal without spending an hour inRead MoreCa se Study : Burger King V. Rudzewicz919 Words   |  4 Pages LAW 501 Session 1 Case Study Brian Rusche Colorado Christian University â€Æ' LAW 501 Session 1 Case Study Burger King v. Rudzewicz This case determined whether personal jurisdiction applied to a franchisee of Burger King restaurants, whose headquarters was in Miami, Florida, when the franchisee and his restaurant were in Drayton Plains, Michigan. The Supreme Court found that personal jurisdiction did apply, holding that â€Å"Jurisdiction is proper, however, where the contacts proximately result fromRead MoreCase Study : Burger King s Promotion1091 Words   |  5 PagesPromotion Burger King promotes their products by sending out direct mailers every month with discount coupons to one of their target market, which are young adults and low-income families. The mailers advertise â€Å"Over $70 dollars in savings†. â€Å"One of the coupons in the mailer offers two Whoppers, two small french fries, and two small drinks for $ 8.99† (BK mailer , 2016). These deals are so good that their target market the young adult and low-income families can afford to eat at Burger King restaurantsRead MoreBurger King1185 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study: Burger King Beefs Up By Janet Mosha Burger King is the world’s largest chain of flame-broiled fast food restaurants. Its core competency is its flame-broiled burgers; whereas other fast food hamburger joints serve fried burgers or no burgers at all, Burger King offers the unique flame-broiled burgers with any options that a customer might like, consumers have the benefit of having a burger they cannot find elsewhere. Initially Burger King only sold burgers, fries, shakes, and sodas;Read MoreFast Food Case Study Iscom/471 Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesFast Food Case Study Burger King and McDonalds’ are two different fast food restaurants that both serve hamburger and fries, in a fast and friendly environment that is affordable. McDonalds, serves the notorious quarter pounder, while Burger Kings claim to fame is the charbroiled Whopper, both of which will be compared. The customer expectations, process of production, and the effectiveness are the factors in which separate these two, and recommendations after the case study will be prepared. Read MoreMARKETING SEGMENTATION, TARGETING AND POSITIONING OF BURGER KING1072 Words   |  5 PagesSEGMENTATION, Targeting and positioning of BURGER KING Background The following is the analysis the segmentation, targeting positioning of Burger King. Burger King Corporation is founded by James McLamore and David Edgerton, beginning the legacy of flame-broiled beef and commitment to quality ingredients and friendly service. BURGER KING is the second largest fast food hamburger chain in the world. Nowadays, more than 11 million guests visit BURGER KING Restaurants around the world. When back toRead MoreBurger King Marketing Essay1183 Words   |  5 Pagescompanies create value for customers and build strong customers relationships in order to capture value from customers in return, Kotler amp; Armstrong (2010). Burger King Corporation (BKC) is one of the world’s leading fast food restaurants with more than 12,170 restaurants in 76 countries throughout the world. The chain offers a range of burgers, sandwiches, salads and breakfasts, french fries, soft drinks and other food items. The company generates revenue from three sources: retail sales at companyRead MoreCustomer Service At Mcdonald s And Burger King1472 Words   |  6 PagesCUSTOMER SERVICE IN THE FAST FOOD INDUSTRY Introduction McDonald’s and Burger King are leading restaurants in the fast food industry and are both committed to delivering excellent services to the customers. In the two fast food stores, there are differences in terms of the kind of food they prepare and the services they offer in the food stores. I a privileged to dine in the two restaurants at a time and made some few observations regarding the services they offer. At McDonald’s they usually engaged

Julius Caesar A Tragic Hero - 934 Words

Julius Caesar is a work of art by William Shakespeare in 1599. Within this play Julius Caesar is portrayed as a tragic hero. A tragic hero is defined as â€Å"the main character of a tragedy [who is] usually dignified, courageous, and high ranking† (novel study guide). Also vital to defining a tragic hero is that, â€Å"the hero’s downfall is caused by a tragic flaw† ( novel study guide). It is very evident that Julius Caesar in William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar is a tragic hero given that he is of noble stature, has a fatal flaw and comes to an unhappy end. Julius Caesar is the tragic hero because of his noble stature. The noble stature of Caesar is made evident through his position in society and his outstanding qualities. Caesars position in Rome was that of a dictator. At the start of the play Brutus enlightens the reader that â€Å".... the people/ choose Caesar for their king† (1.ii.77-78). When Brutus says â€Å"king† he is actually informing the audience the Caesar has been made dictator of Rome for life. At this time in Rome, the Roman society took pride in being republic. Therefore, electing Caesar as a dictator was a monumental event. A dictator was the most powerful position in Roman society. Indeed as a stated in Encyclopedia Britannica a dictator was a â€Å"a temporary magistrate with extraordinary powers† (dictator). Furthermore, as opposed to the usual six month term Caesar was appointed a life long term (dictator). With this in mind one could say the Caesar was the mostShow MoreRelatedJulius Caesar : A Tragic Hero863 Words   |  4 PagesJulius Caesar is a well known piece of literature written by William Shakespeare in 1599. Within this play Julius Caesar is portrayed as a tragic hero. A tragic hero is defined as â€Å"the main character of a tragedy (who is) usually dignified, courageous, and high ranking† (Novel Study Guide). Also vital to defining a tragic hero is that, â€Å"the hero’s downfall is caused by a tragic flaw† (Novel Study Guide). It is evident that Julius Caesar in William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar is a tragic hero givenRead MoreJulius Caesar : A Tragic Hero1171 Words   |  5 PagesJulius Caesar Julius Caesar, the greatest war hero and most noble of all wanted to be praised by all Roman citizens wanted to achieve power to rule as a king. The play is set in ancient Rome in the year 44 B.C. when the Roman general Julius Caesar was almost ruler of the entire world at the highest point in his career. Within this play Julius Caesar is portrayed as a tragic hero. A tragic hero is defined as â€Å"the main character of a tragedy [who is] usually dignified, courageous, and high ranking†Read MoreJulius Caesar : A Tragic Hero937 Words   |  4 Pages Caesar the Great Julius Caesar is a work of art by William Shakespeare in 1599. Within this play Julius Caesar is portrayed as a tragic hero. A tragic hero is defined as â€Å"the main character of a tragedy [who is] usually dignified, courageous, and high ranking† (novel study guide). Also vital to defining a tragic hero is that, â€Å"the hero’s downfall is caused by a tragic flaw† ( novel study guide). It is very evident that Julius Caesar in William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar is a tragic hero givenRead MoreJulius Caesar : A Tragic Hero849 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tragedy of Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare is the story of ancient Rome during the time that Caesar took over. Caesar returns to Rome, after defeating the former leader, Pompey. Cassius and other conspirators convince Brutus, a nobleman, to join in on their plot against Caesar. Brutus and the others gather around Caesar, on the ides of March, to stab him. They stabbed Caesar 23 times and eventually he d ies. Brutus takes over Rome, but followers of Caesar, Antony and Octavius, oppose BrutusRead MoreTragic Hero In Julius Caesar829 Words   |  4 Pages What is a tragic hero? A tragic hero is a person, of noble birth, with heroic potential but doomed by fate. The hero struggles against his fate but eventually fails because of a mistake or even a flaw. In Shakespeare’s play, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, a character may come to mind and fit this definition, Marcus Brutus. In this play, Julius Caesar’s ambition for power drove the honorable Brutus to think negatively about Caesar’s position of being the king of Rome. The honorable Brutus shows hisRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Julius Caesar1793 Words   |  8 PagesAs Caesar dies, he gasps, â€Å"Et tu, Brute?† (III. i. 77). To betray a close friend for the better of the country only to have it end all in vain is a tragedy in its own. For Brutus, this is his journey in Shakespeare’s play The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. Although the play is named after Caesar, it is evident that Brutus is the tragic hero as the audience watches the events of the play unfold. Brutus’s characteristics and actions line up perfectly with Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero which statesRead More Julius Caesar - Tragic Hero Essay1028 Words   |  5 Pages Julius Caesar as a Tragic Hero amp;#9;Julius Caesar is a play written by William Shakespeare during the year 1597. Julius Caesar’s story involves a conspiracy against Julius Caesar, a powerful senator. The play involves a highly respected senator, Brutus, who decides to join the conspiracy to kill Julius Caesar, in the effort to keep democracy intact. Brutus believes that if Julius Caesar is allowed to live, Caesar will take a kingship and turn the government into a monarchy. Brutus, CassiusRead MoreJulius Caesar the True Tragic Hero1526 Words   |  7 Pagesonce said â€Å"A man doesn’t become a hero until he can see the root of his own downfall.† These words best describe what a â€Å"Tragic Hero† is and both Julius Caesar and Brutus displayed this characteristic, so the question is â€Å"Who is the real tragic hero in this story?† This paper shall explore the reasons behind why each man is considered a hero in his own right and who the rightful owner to the title of the play truly belongs to. There have been countless tragic heroes in the works of William ShakespeareRead MoreJulius Caesar: The Quintessence of a Tragic Hero1156 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s The Tragedy of Julius Caesar is the illustration of the demise of many respectable men. Typical of a tragedy, one character of high social standing experiences numerous downfalls brought on by a character flaw. This character is eventually brought to his or her knees by the misery and sorrow brought upon by these mistakes. It is at this point that the character realizes their flaws and changes their outlook. In Shakespeare’s tragedy, the tragic hero is Julius Caesar. In the play, ShakespeareRead MoreExamples Of Tragic Hero In Julius Caesar905 Words   |  4 Pagesman cannot become a hero until he can see the root of his own downfall.† By Shakespearean definition, a tragic hero is someone of high position such as a nobleman, who has hamartia, a tragic flaw that leads to his downfall, and even his demise. This is strongly illustrated in Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, where Marcus Brutus’ desire to remain noble and honourable leads him to naivety and self destruction. The plot of the play revolves around removing power from Caesar, causing the inability

Reflection on Christian World View for Biblicalmy-assignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theReflection on Christian World View for Biblicalmy. Answer: Description: Goldsworthys Christ Centred Biblical Theology contemplates on the Christian worldview of creationism. On the contrary, standing on the twenty first century, as I have developed my viewpoint on the core concept of existentialism, this has been conceptualized under certain understanding pertaining to conflict between creationism and existentialism. Hence, the following paper is going to authenticate my reflective learning process without being judgmental or being biased to any particular thought process of my own. This paper is succinctly going to demonstrate the differences between the ideological thought process of creationism and existentialism. This reflective essay intends to look forward to the better understanding of the following case: Following key word have been taken into certain account while going through the paper written by Goldsworthy: Skepticism Creationism Covenant Theology Biblical theology Adiaphoron (it is considered to be the matter of indifference) The bottom line for me while reading this book has been the understanding of the value of the biblical theology. While developing my idea on this specific theology, I have started contemplating on the contradictory factor pertaining to faith and doubt and my rational mindset. In this context, it can be stated that the specific understanding has to be taken into certain consideration pertaining to the effective understanding of the cultural emblem. Analysis: According to Goldsworthy every Christian is a theologian. The issue according to Goldsworthy is the way of doing the theology. The biblical theology is the discipline that helps to understand the bible it guides to understand the bible and the works of Jesus Christ. It further helps us to view the stories told in different biblical books. The story of the evolution of Eve from the ribs of Adam and the consumption of the forbidden fruit by the couple is the sayings in Bible. This is the basic story shared in the bible, which is treated as a discipline. Evaluation: Goldsworthy compares and contrasts the discipline of the theology of biblical theology with the other theories. He is concerned about the historical and the systematic theory. While evaluating his thought it can rightly b said that he opined for the Christian theism. The revelation of God and the mankind is explained best in the Christian theism. The theology concerns about the God himself. The bible is the ultimate way of knowing God. The bible is itself the word of God. It is the revelation that heads us towards the message of Jesus Christ. Me: From the above analysis, I have gathered the fact that the theology includes the secondary translation. It has been transferred through many ages by many different authors. However the theological interpretation is the best way of interpreting Bible and it is the best way of knowing the redemption of Christ and the reincarnation of Christ. The humans have interpreted the history according to themselves. They have molded the information according to themselves. There is that fact that the messages conveyed in the Bible is not the same what God intended to say. In spite of all this the Bible is the most reliable form of getting the messages of God. I think that the history of the stories in the Bible have been conveyed with the eradication of the actual history of fact. The original facts has been removed and not been conveyed.

The rapid evolution of a style characterized by ca Essay Example For Students

The rapid evolution of a style characterized by ca Essay nvases filled with swirling, bright colors depicting people and nature is the essence of Vincent Van Goghs extremely prolific but tragically short career. Vincent Willem van Gogh was born on March 30, 1853, in Holland, son of a Dutch Protestant pastor and eldest of six children. His favorite brother Theo was four years younger. When Vincent was twelve to sixteen years old, he went to a boarding school.That next year he was sent to The Hague to work for an uncle who was an art dealer, but van Gogh was unsuited for a business career.Actually, his early interests were in literature and religion. Very dissatisfied with the way people made money and imbued with a strong sense of mission, he worked for a while as a lay preacher among proverty-stricken miners.Van Gogh represented the religious society that trained him in a poor coal-mining district in Belgium. Vincent took his work so seriously that he went without food and other necessities so he could give more to the poor.The missionary society objected to Vincents behavior and fired him in 1879. Heartsick, van Gogh struggled to keep going socially and fin!ancially, yet he was always rejected by other people, and felt lost and forsaken. Then, in 1880, at age 27, he became obsessed with art. The intensity he had for religion, he now focused on art. His early drawings were crude but strong and full of feeling: It is a hard and a difficult struggle to learn to draw well I have worked like a slave .His first paintings had been still lifes and scenes of peasants at work.That which fills my head and heart must be expressed in drawings and in picturesIm in a rage of work.In 1881, he moved to Etten. He very much liked pictures of peasant life and labor. Jean-Francois Millet was the first to paint this as a main theme and his works influenced van Gogh. His first paintings here were crude but improving. Van Goghs progress was interrupted by an intense love for his widowed cousin Kee Vos. On her decisive rejection of him he p ursued her to Amsterdam, only to suffer more humiliation. We will write a custom essay on The rapid evolution of a style characterized by ca specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Anton Mauve, a leading member of the Hague school was a cousin of van Goghs mother. This opportunity to be taught by him encouraged van Gogh to settle in Den Hague with Theos support.When van Gogh left Den Hague in September 1883 for the northern fenland of Drenth, he did so with mixed feelings. He spent hours wandering the countryside, making sketches of the landscape, but began to feel isolated and concerned about the future. He had rented a little attic in a house but found it melancholy, and was depressed with the quality of his equipment. Everything is too miserable, too insufficient, too dilapidated. Physically and mentally unable to cope with these conditions any longer, he left for his parents new home in Nuenen in December 1883. Van Gogh had a phase in which he loved to paint birds and birds nests.This phase did not last long. It only lasted until his fathers death six months later. The Family Bible which he painted just before leaving his house for good, six months after h is fathers death in 1885, must have meant a great deal to him. Van Gogh had broken with Christianity when he was fired from the missionary which proved to be the most painful experience of his life, and one from which he never quite recovered. At Nuenen, van Gogh gave active physical toil a remarkable reality. Its impact went far beyond what the realist Gustave Corbet had achieved and beyond even the quasi-religious images of Jean-Francois Millet. He made a number of studies of peasant hands and heads before embarking on what would be his most important work at Nuenen. The pinnacle of his work in Holland was The Potato Eaters, a scene painted in April 1885 that shows the working day to be over. It was the last and most ambitious painting of his pre-Impressionist period, 1880-1885.When van Gogh painted the The Potato Eaters, he had not yet discovered the importance of color. Van Gogh went to Antwerp in November 1885, partly to escape local gossip. He vainly attempted to make money fr om painting portraits, townscapes, and trades mens signs. Then he enrolled at the Antwerp Academy to make use of the live models. Shortage of money led to van Goghs undernourishment and acute physical distress. When van Gogh enrolled at the Academy in January 1886, he had just finished drawings that one day would be compared to the masters. Although willing to learn, he astonished fellow students by refusing to abandon the rapidity and boldness of his own methods.Possibly because of this, he was downgraded to the beginner class and consequently he left for Paris to live with his brother. .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 , .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 .postImageUrl , .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 , .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596:hover , .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596:visited , .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596:active { border:0!important; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596:active , .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596 .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8cc32b67d7b8bbf9289a62ad6cf7d596:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Remember the Titans Paper Sample Essay It was through his brother Theo and an art gallery devoted to living artists that he discovered the Impressionists, and became familiar with the new art movements developing at the time. Before Paris, van Gogh had not even known who the Impressionists were.He admired pictures by Degas andMonet and through Toulouse-Lautrec he was in touch with the local members of the art world. He was also influenced by Japanese print makers.The Impressionists discovered Japanese prints long before van Goghs arrival. These prints influenced him in his use of harmonized color.Van Gogh pinned them on his walls, and they appear in the background of some of his paintings. While refining his technique as painter in Paris, the home of the Impressionist school, he soon found that his real affinity was not for this school but for three men who had left their company to carry the torch of revolt a step further: for Cezanne, usually considered the most monstrous painter among the outcasts, for Gauguin, under the combined influence of Cezanne and of the Orient; and for Seraut, obsessed with experimental vision of art. Until 1886, he had only known the Dutch painters and a handful of French landscape painters including Millet and the Barbizon group. Now, for the first time, he saw work by Delacroix (whom he later said had more influence on him than the Impressionists) and by Pissaro, Czanne, Renoir and Sisley. Light, color and brilliance burst upon him. He went about the streets with a palette of bright colors, as delighted by the cosmopolitan bustle of the city as Manet, Monet, Renoir, and the others had been twenty years before him.Van G oghs Impressionist phase lasted two years. Although it was vitally important for his development, he had to integrate it with the style of his earlier years before his genius could fully unfold. Paris opened his eyes to the senses and beauty of the visible world and taught him the pictorial language of the color patch, but painting continued to be a vessel for his personal emotions. To investigate this spiritual reality with the ne!w means at this command, he went to Arles in the south of France. It was there, between 1888 and 1889, that he produced his greatest pictures.While Czanne and Seurat were making a more severe, classical art out of the impressionists style, van Gogh felt Impressionist art was pretty decorations and did nothing to evoke the sorrow of the human soul. He led the way in a different direction. He believed that impressionism did not allow the artist enough freedom to express his inner feelings. Since this was his main concern, he is sometimes called an expressio nist.Expressionism is the idea of emotional spontaneity in painting. The portrait of Dr. Gachet is a perfect example of his melancholy, proto-Expressionist late work.By setting certain colors side by side he achieved effects of unearthly splendor. To color he brought dignity and form, the opposite of the abstractions into which Monet was heading and which seemed the inevitable limit of Impressionist techniques. Van Gogh thought it was the color, not the form, that determined the expressive content of his pictures.Three painters of genius emerged, overlapping the Impressionists in time and manner, whose names have become synonymous with the post-Impressionists movement: Cezanne, Gauguin, and van Gogh. Between them they set European painting on a path which turned Impressionism into something solid and durable, like the art of the museums, a return in effect, to the main stream, but with minds alight with discovery and purpose. These three, as well as Mile Bernard who was a friend of van Gogh, all believed in the importance of color!to express the state of mind of the model represented.Work of the Post-Impressionists reveals a freely expressive use of color and form. In 1888, while living at Arles, he began to use the swirling brush strokes and intense yellows, greens, and blues. He loved bright colors especially yellow because of the sun which was bright in southern France and he painted what he saw and felt.He painted in colors with bright hues and high value.Vincent would sometimes put paints on his canvas with his palette knife or right from the tube and mix it around with his fingers which would make it quite coarse. In Arles he attached the greatest importance to his portraits, although he also painted many landscapes.Later, in 1890, he devoted his main energy to landscape painting. In southern France van Gogh lived for a time with Paul Gauguin, whom he had met in Paris. But after two months they had violent arguments, culminating in a quarrel in which va n Gogh threatened Gauguin with a razor. The same night, in a deep remorse, van Gogh cut off part of his own ear. This episode marked the beginning of a periodic insanity that plagued him until his death. On May 8, 1889, he was admitted to St. Rmy Hospital as a voluntary patient. Dr. Peyron interviewed him and entered in the register that van Gogh Suffers from fits which last from fifteen days to a month. During these fits the patient is victim to terrifying terrors and on several occasions has attempted to poison himself.During the intervals between fits he is perfectly quiet and paints ardently.He was possibly having a seizure when he threatened to kill Paul Gauguin. Since his death, investigators have come to feel that his fits were due to epilepsy.Despairing of a cure and fearing !he would no longer be able to paint, van Gogh committed suicide in July 1890. He felt very deeply that art alone made his life worth living. We know a good deal about his inner life as a result of a mas sive, stirring and deeply moving autobiography in the form of hundreds of letters written to his brother Theo.The letters he sent to his brother include many eloquent descriptions of his choice of hues and the emotional meaning he attached to them. In one of his letters to Theo he wrote the following: I do not intend to spare myself, nor to avoid emotions or difficulties Idont care much whether I live a longer or shorter timeThe world concernsme insofar as I feel a certain indebtedness and duty toward it because I have walked this earth for thirty years, and, out of gratitude, want toleave some souvenir in the shape of drawings and pictures not made to pleasea certain taste in art, but to express a sincere human feeling. I feel that he succeeded.

Analyze An Article Example

Analyze An Article Example Analyze An Article – Article Example A number of reasons make Vietnam a trend and best for manufacturing industries more especially textile industry. It has invested in human capital and the lager population is made up of productive youths aged between fourteen and fifty-four, this has provided cheap labor force and competition for talent that is arising in the labor market, this make Vietnam the best as businesses are looking for low cost in their production more output in terms of profit.Vietnam has also put a considerable amount of its capital and intellectual foreign investment in the textile and apparel sector. Due to its advanced stages in the textile industry with the skilled workers and business infrastructure that can support a large scale manufacturing investment, it has attracted more foreign investors. The country has got into business agreements with the other neighboring countries; this has made it be able to enjoy the advantage of market prices globally. It can considerably export her textile products to the rest of the world up to including U.S that limited import of other goods from other countries. The U.S has now given Vietnam free trade access in a bid to try and balance trade in textile with china that has substantially higher prices on fiber than the global market.With the rise in population of up to 92 Million, there is rise in the domestic consumption of the textile goods in Vietnam. Due to high demand of the goods, most companies local and foreign aims at shortening their supply lines with minimal cost possible and quickening response time by producing a good with a ready market. With the highest technology and the labor force available, I would wish to manufacture my course garment in this county because I believe it will be of the best quality and design ever.

Floods and Flooding

Floods and Flooding River and coastal flooding are the most frequently occurring natural disasters and are increasing in occurrence. Floods, once purely known as acts of God, are being rapidly enhanced by the works of humans. What Causes Floods? A flood occurs when an area that is normally dry gets submerged in water. If a flood happens in an empty field, then the damage from flooding may be relatively mild. If the flood happens in a city or a suburb, then flooding can cause catastrophic damage and take human lives. Flooding can be caused by many natural things, such as excessive rainfall, extra snow melt that travels downstream, hurricanes, monsoons, and tsunamis. There are also manmade features that can cause flooding, such as burst pipes and dam breaks. Why Are the Number of Floods Increasing? Humans have spent thousands of years trying to curb flooding in order to protect farmland and   homes. Dams, for instance, are built to help regulate the flow of water downstream. However, there are some man-made features that are aiding flooding. Urbanization, for instance, has reduced the earths capability of absorbing excess water. With extra neighborhoods comes an increase in asphalt and concrete-covered surfaces. which cover the once open fields. The earth underneath the new asphalt and concrete can then no longer help absorb the water; instead, water running over the pavement collects quickly and easily disrupts storm drain systems. The more pavement, the more likely a flood will occur. Deforestation is another way that humans have helped increase the potential for flooding. When humans cut down trees, the soil is left without roots to hold down soil or to absorb water. Again, the water builds up and causes flooding. What Areas Are Most at Risk for Flooding? Those areas which are most at risk for floods include low-lying areas, coastal regions, and communities on rivers downstream from dams. Flood waters are extremely dangerous; a mere six inches of swiftly moving water can knock people off their feet, while it takes just 12 inches to move a car. The safest thing to do during a flood is to evacuate and seek shelter on higher ground. It is important to know the safest route to a safe location. A 100-Year Flood Floods are often given designations as a hundred year flood or twenty year flood, etc. The larger the year, the larger the flood. But dont let these terms fool you, a hundred year flood does not mean that such a flood occurs once every 100 years; instead it means that there is a one in 100 (or 1%) chance of such a flood occurring in a given year. Two one-hundred year floods could occur a year apart or even a month apart it all depends on how much rain is falling or how quickly the snow melts. A twenty-year flood has a one in 20 (or 5%) chance of occurring in a particular year. A five-hundred-year flood has a one in 500 chance (0.2%) of occurring in any given year. Flood Preparedness In the United States, homeowners insurance does not cover flood damage. If you live in a flood zone or any low-lying area, you should consider purchasing insurance through the National Flood Insurance Program. Contact your local insurance agent for more details. You can be prepared for flooding and other disasters by assembling a disaster supplies kit. Take this kit with you if evacuating: A portable, battery-operated radio and extra batteries (know the appropriate radio station to listen to during a disaster)Flashlights and extra batteriesFirst aid kit and manualEmergency food and waterNonelectric can openerEssential and prescription medicationsCash and credit cardsSturdy shoesExtra clothes and beddingFood and supplies for pets

Fredrickson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fredrickson - Essay Example This was through the modification of the institutions brought about by English colonist and the open-door policy of immigration. In adopting the mindset of Anglo conformity as highlighted in the theory, one would need to be alert to the ways through American assimilation of the different ideologies was attained. This way, they would easily identify with the policies that were implemented in the realization of the American reformation and integration of divergent cultures brought by the immigrants. The mindset is right and appropriate for adoption by an individual and society in the sense that it would enable the recognition of the efforts put in enhancing assimilation in America. Subsequently, one would be able to accept the concepts of developing a new society as were realized in the Americanization to the extent that it is possible to integrate divergent opinions. To survive in the modern society, these mindsets would enable individuals and communities to promote coexistence amongst themselves in the manner that allows for the recognition of historical sacrifices made to ensure the achievement of assimilation goals (Norgren & Serena

Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Knowledge - Essay Example Plato and Aristotle both talk about similar concepts when they describe knowledge. However they look at it from two opposing angles altogether. The same shall be discussed hereunder. In simple words, Aristotle focuses of smaller elements as being integral to the concept of knowledge, while Plato believes that universal concepts are the key to the essence of knowledge. Determining this difference is vital. Plato was of the opinion that belief is to be separated from knowledge on account of its justification. Beliefs, he elucidated, can be there without adequate inquiry or scrutiny into a particular matter. However, the knowledge acquired has to be based upon rationalistic ideas, that are guarded by logic and understanding. This is what would make the same knowledge acceptable to many people at the same time, whilst a belief may well hold true for just a singular person amongst all humanity. Aristotle on the contrary believed that knowledge lies in the understand of smaller factors, which will gradually all add up to join the jigsaw puzzle, and show us the bigger picture. He claimed that by knowing the essence of fundamental principles, one would be able to make sense of what is going on the bigger canvas. Inadvertently, this is a consequence of knowing as to what really can be a basic ingredient within the bigger construct, and then studying the same for greater knowledge. Plato advocates the importance of all-encompassing knowledge, which ultimately gives birth to and yields smaller constructs. This reality can be identified with, and the highest thinking can subsequently be attained by means of knowing what knowledge is. Contemplation gives insight, and ultimately self-actualization. There can be no better strength than realizing one's true potential of existence. All our endeavors or desires primarily follow from the necessity of our intrinsic nature. This concept given by him refers to the identification of the power that the human being yields and associates from within himself, thereby attempting to acquire knowledge at the bequest of all available events. Aristotle on the other hand states that smaller elements combine together to make all knowledge, and therefore understanding should begin from smaller ideas, which may be expounded into complex theories. Whatever one might seek or ask, it is basically a product of how one identifies with the concept of knowledge. The most significant thinking here becomes knowing about oneself. A person, who realizes the details, is truly on the path of acquiring knowledge. If one has the tendency to doubt one's self-concepts, then true actualization of knowledge can never be there. Knowledge starts from knowing oneself - it is only with reference to the same would one ever be able to gather some perspective. "Although he had the idea of constructing a system for deduction, he was never able to construct one. Instead, he relied on his dialectic, which was a confusion between different sciences and methods" (Bocheski, 1951). Mysteries, intricacies and secrets of the finite world can only be known with reference to the person. Therefore, if and when a person appreciates his own personal standing and inception, it subsequently becomes the greatest source of endowment and fulfillment for the person. The fundamental factor here is about insisting on knowing reality as it is. This again is a propagation of the belief that an individual

Electrical and electrochemical activities of heart Essay Example for Free

Electrical and electrochemical activities of heart Essay Heart is the chief organ of body it can be defined as â€Å"The hollow muscular organ its rhythmic retrenchment flows blood all the way throughout the body†. (Heart electrical) Natural pace maker is established in human heart, this pace maker start working from right atria and ventricle it stimulates their muscles. Sinoarterial node SAN is found in between upper portion of the heart, after stimulating right portion of heart it stimulates the left atria and ventricle afterward adrenaline is secreted from nervous system which speed up the spark electrical impulses or in supplementary words regulates the electrical impulses. Normal heart beats are 72 per minute but in case of running, exercising, taking stress high fever heart beats are increased because Nervous system release more adrenaline. Another motivating topic of our article covers is electrocardiogram that is the measurement of heart beats by special electrode on paper or screen. So at this point in this article we will study in detail regulatory activities of heart which factors are involves in regulation of heart beats and keeps heart normal and vigorous, how these factors are generated and how did they achieve their work this is all we are going to study in element to enhance our understandings about facts of science. Electrical and electrochemical activities of heart In human heart natural pace maker is found, the function which naturally has been given to pace maker is to regulate the heart for performing this responsibility it has to go from very different phases. Pace maker is found in the superior right portion of heart that is Right atrium this is the place from where the pace maker gathers the specialized cells termed as â€Å"Sino arterial node â€Å"so these cells are also termed as pace maker. As the heart beats it generates the electrical sparks per minute, the spark which has been generated by specialized cell, the function of these sparks is to stimulate the muscles. First it stimulates the superior chamber of heart it has to wait unless the atria get empty from blood. After stimulating the upper atria it stimulates the ventricles electrically, similarly it affects the left atria and ventricle in this sequence. If we go in depth we will come to know that everything function of body is being controlled by the nervous system, here nervous system is releasing the adrenaline the adrenaline is computable to increase or speed up the sparks per minute, the normal heart beats are 72 per minute but incase of fever, excitement, stress or any mental or physical stress can speedup the rate of heart beats in result breathless condition occur while on the other during resting situation it is decreased . Let us talk about the phases or ladder which takes place in the electrical activity of heart ,As we have talked before it is generated in the sinoatrial node (SAN) which is located in superior Right chamber of heart this is the location from where these electrical impulses propagated to the artrioventricular node ( AVN ) artrioventricular node is seen between the atria and ventricles. After reaching at (AVN) these electrical impulse are send to the into branching tissues right bundle branch is termed as (RBBB) and left bundle branch is termed is as the (LBBB) there are further more division to there Left bundle branches which are known as fascicles first of all electrical impulses are generated in SAN which primary makes the right and left atria to treaty and after couple of seconds it makes right and left ventricle to contract this depolarization takes place continuously in every 2-3 seconds, when SAN is at rest it makes 60-70 signals a minute rate can be speedup by SAN due to exercise or and physical activity which can produce stressed up condition. When SAN fails to work AVN can takes its position but AVN is slow as compare to SAN the reason is that SAN at resting position produces 60-7- signals while AVN at resting position produces 30-40 signals which are very less as compare to SAN’S signals. ( How heart works) this sequence of electrical activities of heart can be noted by electrocardiogram this is the process by which activities can be registered on paper by special electrode use for this process (Heart Electrical Activity). In human body there are many chemicals found every chemical has its own duty assign by nature in regulation of heart there are also few chemicals involved which stimulates the function of heart . Neuroendocrine system helps heart to maintain its regulation this system is linked with the brain and endocrine system this is the system in which neurons and endocrine system work together electrical impulses are given by SAN whereas the endocrine system gives the chemical impulses , Neuroendocrine system is the complex system which work together this is very complicated system , it uses the nerve symbol to and changes the activity of cells as well the diameter of blood vessels it can also effect the heart rate and the rate of contraction. ( Heart Failure) Electrochemical activities of heart stimulate the heart beats heart regulation, they play very important role in life, in the body as everything depends upon the function of hearts because when heart gets electrical stimulation it transport/ pumps the blood to the system another factor which helps in pumping the blood is heart beats which is also generated by stimulation of muscles. standard heart beats are 72 per minute which are created by stimulation of heart muscles but if they are less than harmfl affects are possible to the body the less then normal heart beats could be 35 – 40 heart beats per minute then blood stream to body’s organ reduces which is dangerous (How heart works) It is a firm believe that reduction in I reduces AP polarization which in result reduces the electrochemical diving force similarly amount of SR Ca is also reduces which is necessary for the contraction of hearts muscles if we go in depth we will come to know that Na, I, K also reduces due to some abnormality and it is like a chain system if one thing is affected the entire system will be affected but here we are sescribing only the loss cause by reduction in Ca as Ca is reduced it reduces heart beats and blood transport is reduced if thing is not cover soon it can cause breathless condition as blood carries oxygen and reduction in heart beats reduces blood transport so this is one bad trait for body. Similarly reduction in I causes reduction in polarization this system is interlinked with one an other. It has also been believed that potassium K changes into HF and HF reduces Ca, it has been observed that many late HF patients who doesn’t notice their ailment before gets death because of heart abnormality, DADs, EADs and Refs decreased the amount of Ca in myocytes this reduced amount of Ca in myocytes causes systolic disjunction in Hf. Systolic means when heart contracts it is termed a systolic and when it rest it is termed diastolic so here Reduction of Ca in myocytes reduced the heart contraction it is an another thing if Ca continue leaking it may cause to death. Electrical and electrochemical regulation of heart Conclusion After reading this attention-grabbing topic we can come up with the conclusion that heart is one of the biggest gifts of God given to humans. As nature has assign functions to every part of the body similarly nature has given special function to heart which makes heart extremely important organ it transmit blood to complete body parts. There are few electrical and electrochemical behavior found in heart which helps heart in performing its main function that is creating heart beats carrying impulses. In right atrium of heart sinoatrial node (SAN) is found which also works as pace maker these sinoatrial nodes are special cells found in right atrium they generate the electrical impulses which stimulates the right atrium cell and wait unless it get emptied after now these electrical impulses moves to the atrioventricular node (AVN) now these electrical impulses are send into branching tissues right bundle branch is called (RBBB) and left bundle branch is termed as (LBBB) first it functions in right atrium and ventricle and then in few seconds after performing its task in right part of heart it moves to the left part of the heart and functions in left atrium and then left ventricle this is how electrical impulses carry in heart and makes it empty and refill in couple of seconds. Adrenaline also plays very important role in this process here nervous system plays an important role it secreted adrenaline to it is chemical by nature and it is responsible for speeding up the sparks ( electrical impulses) per minute so in this way heart continue to work by electrically and electrochemically. The methods which has been found by the scientist to record these impulses is ECG electrocardiogram this is recent and helpful technique to check whether the heart is working normally or not in this method heart rhythms are noted on paper or screen by specially assigned electrode. Now a days artificial pace maker is also being made to control abnormalities of heart. Here in this important topic we also read about that what the lack of any element present of excess of any element or chemical can do with our heart. Nature has given quantity to everything increasing from that or decreasing from that spoils the entire system here we also read about the reduction in Ca, Ca is basic need of heart to continue it heart beats here we come to know that reduction in Ca is mainly caused by reduction in things which are supporting it in background, Ca reduction causes great loss to heart that is it decreases contraction rate of heart when the heart start contracting less than it is required entire system of body is effected because heart carries blood to all part of the body if heart starts working slow then blood also starts reduces and in this way all system are being effected that’s what makes one lazy and the major loss cause by this is the heart failure if it is continuously reducing than a time will come when heart will stop working and one meets his death. After reading this prolong article we come up with the conclusion that heart is not only one organ which is supporting all the functions infect heart is being supported by many internal plus many external features such these all things work together in a chain like system if one thing is effected the entire system got effected this chain which consist of Electrical impulses electrochemical impulses , heart , factors affecting heart , environment and many more things are involved this chain system is necessary for healthy life we should take care of our health for out better tomorrow.

Snap on Tools Intranet Case Study :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Case Study Snap on Tools Intranet Snap-On is one of many companies that have embraced the Internet as a tool for management. Snap-On runs its own intranet for the exclusive use of Snap-On franchises and dealers. (Senn, 1998) Snap-On’s intranet provides reams of valuable information that would be inconvenient to deliver any other way. The speed of change in today’s market has forced printed material into partial obsolescence. Before Snap-On developed its own intranet, merchandise catalogs and part listings would have to be in printed, bound matter. Anyone who has been to an auto parts store can vouch that each of those catalogs is huge, to say the least. A franchisee would have to carry several catalogs in his vehicle for reference purposes. These catalogs occupied space in the truck that could have been used for inventory, and searching through them would eat into valuable time. Additionally, Snap-On would have to reissue the catalogs or send appendices when there was a change in any of the information. With an intranet, Snap-On merely changes the information on their websites, and the new information is there when the franchisees access it. This means no more expensive mailing of h eavy catalogs and no more wasted time spent flipping through the pages of a book, trying to find the entry he wants, only to find out after fifteen agonizing minutes that the page he needs has been ripped out. (Senn, 1998) Were I a Snap-On franchisee, I would be enthused about the use of a company intranet for the delivery of sales- and product-related information. Timely information is vital to survival in business today. Snap-On’s intranet allows for speedy updates of information. This means I would not have to wait the six to eight weeks for an updated merchandise list, nor would I have to pay exorbitant sums to get the package express-mailed to me. All my questions could be answered almost immediately via research on the different pages, or through email. (Senn, 1998) Snap-On was motivated by the many benefits of the Internet to use the intranet as a tool in developing a communications link to each dealer. Franchisees in far-flung places could easily be contacted and organized. Orders and inventories can be monitored from one location, decreasing the number of personnel and middle management. This flatter organizational structure provides for clearer communication between the field and office personnel.

Backstroke Swimming

Swimming backstroke the complete guide to getting your stroke perfect, along with faults their causes and how to Swimming backstroke/ introduction Swimming backstroke is the third fastest stroke competitively, originated from an old english style of swimming backstrokeand has developed over the years and has evolved into an alternating and more effective action. This action givesthe backstroke less resistance with a continuous propulsion.The speed of the backstroke is limited by the restrictiverange of movement of the shoulders as well as the ability/inability to use the power in the chest muscles to thebest desired effect by the roll of the body which will be discussed in more detail in the chapter about the upsweepof the arms. When swimming backstroke it is usually developed from a simple back paddle just kicking legs on the back, once this achieved then the backstroke swimmer can begin to develop the arms as long as the streamlined body position is maintained.Swimming backstroke c an be a first choice of stroke for the beginner because it free from the water and does not reallyrequire a breathing pattern so there are little or no difficulties. The only problem can occur is that some swimmersdo not like lying on their back due to fear of the water. Swimming backstroke/ body position When swimming backstroke the body should be in a flat and horizontal position (supine). The body should also be ina streamlined position. The head should be relaxed, with the water should be crossing the ears keeping steady andin line with the body.The eyes should be looking upwards and backwards keeping the chin close to the chest. Keep your shoulders just below the surface of the water but they will only become visible as your body rollsand your arms recover. Your hips are the lowest part of the body when swimming the backstroke. The practice ofletting the less able swimmers hips sink should be discouraged if you are teaching your child or yourself to swim backstroke Keep your le gs and toes close the surface with your toes breaking the surface of the water. Your body will roll on it'slongitudinal axis, you can roll up to about 60 degrees from the horizontal.This roll helps to assist so thatyou can place your hand in the best catch position so that you can have an effective underwater arm action which assists the over water arm recovery. The only part of the body not involved in this body roll is the head this should be perfectly still when swimming backstroke. Swimming backstroke/ leg action When you swim backstroke you will need a good, strong and efficient legs kick. The leg kick in backstroke is mainlyused for balance, it is not very likely that the leg kick will provide much propulsion.If you were a good leg kicker then you may get a little propulsion maybe 1-5 percent which could be used when the arms are not intheir propulsive phase. When one arm is above the head ready for entry and the other is by the side just finishedit's pull. You must remember t hat the although the legs do not contribute to propulsion they are still importantfor a good body position as well as balance for your strong sweeping actions made by your arms which is made outside the line of the body which will in effect will cause lateral deviation. So a good leg action willminimize lateral deviation (moving from side to side).Although the kicks are described as an upbeat and downbeat it is important that the kick does not necessarily take place in the vertical plane. Your hips move side to side along with the upper body as it rolls so the path of thekick is influenced at the time of the upbeat and downbeat. When swimming backstroke the legs action is alternating as well as continuous. Your legs will stay close togetherand the movement of each of your legs initiates from the hip and is observed as an upbeat and downbeat. Swimming backstroke/ Downbeat (recovery) Your leg will begin the downbeat close to the surface of the water and the leg is almost straight.When you begin thedownbeat your hip will press downwards and then will be followed by your upper leg your lower leg and your foot. The downbeat of each of your legs is called the recovery phase so this movement you will find should be relaxedand done without very much effort. When you get to the end of the downbeat that will be the lowest point and outside of your body range. The depth of this all depend on the size of your limbs. As a guide the leg will be at a point where the leg can be fully extended with your toes pointed. It will be apparent to the backstrokeswimmer that the flexibility of the your ankles is of importance.Swimming backstroke/ Upbeat (propulsion) The upbeat will begins as your hip begins to lift. Then your upper leg follows the hip and your knee will begin to bend your knee will bend will be about 90 to 120 degrees. Your lower leg will then press upwards with your shin andand the top of your foot. The pressure at this stage is a combination of upwards and backwards. Now your leg willaccelerate upwards and as you kick your leg to the surface this is when propulsion is achieved. When the toes breakthe surface the upbeat ends. Swimming backstroke/ arm actionWhen swimming backstroke you will find that the arms provide main propulsion. The arm action is continuous and alternating. There are four partsto the arms in backstroke which are the entry, catch, propulsive phase and recovery which I will discuss in moredetail. Swimming backstroke/ Entry When your hand enters the water your little finger enters first keeping it in line with your shoulder. Your palm facing outwards and then handshould sink to a depth of about 30 cms causing the minimum amount of drag. Make sure that your hand does sink a little because it help with your body roll.Your arm will also be fully extended As your hand will be placed in the water. Making sure it is donewithout any undue tension as well as making sure that you do not over reach. It is very important that the arm ente rs in line with the shoulder. An entry that is too close to the centre line or too wide will have a detrimental effect on your streamlining and propulsion. It is also very importantthat your little finger enters first by entering with the back of the hand will cause more resistance also you will not be able to sink your hand to the desired position as well as a tendency to pull with the little finger leading.Your hand will start to feel the pressure of the water ready for the sweeping and propulsive movement which will follow. Shortly afterwards your hand will be in the catch position. You will then rotate your hand downwards, as you press on the water your elbow will bend and your upper arm will rotate, givingyou a high elbow position that you need to enable the initial downward sweep to be performed effectively. When learning the backstroke you will find that the arms are the hardest part of the stroke and to develop the correct catch position and the downwards movement to the cat ch position.But practice makes perfect! Swimming backstroke/ Catch Your hand will now begin to give a backwards pressure on the water. This is so that your hand can make a purchase on the water and move your body forwards over the hand. Swimming backstroke/ downsweep Your elbow will now begin to bend and your hand will continue to sweep downwards slightly. As your hand begins the downsweep the pitch of your hand will be downwards as well as backwards. When you have finished the downsweep your elbow will be flexed to 90 degrees your hand will be in line with your shoulder. our elbow at this point will be pointing to the pool bottom and your finger tips should be facing outwards. You will change your hand pitchinto a backwards direction in the transition period, through to inwards and upwards, ready to begin your upsweep. Swimming backstroke/ Pitch of the hand It is important to realize that swimming backstroke you will continually alter the pitch of your hand throughout the sweeping actions. So that you get the best possible propulsion during the downsweep your hand should be pitched downwards, outwards, and slightly backwards.Swimming backstroke/ Upsweep Your hand will now sweep upwards towards the surface of the water keeping the elbow bent. The upsweep progresses from your shoulder line through to justabove the waist. It is of importance now that the roll is of great importance, to ensure that the sweeping propulsive can be effective. At the endof your upsweep your pitch is now altered to backwards then to downwards and then backwards. Swimming backstroke/ Final Downsweep When your hand sweeps downwards your elbow will straighten.The propulsive phase of the arm stroke is now completed with your arm extended below your hip. When you swim with the arms they are likened to a long letter ‘s' shape alongside your body in the water. Swimming backstroke/ Recovery Your body will roll after the final downsweep of your hand the recovery action of your arm begins . Your hand on which you are to recover will be below the level of your hip so it needs to be lifted through the water in a way which will cause you the minimum amount of resistance.You can achieve thisby rotating your hand inwards so the palm faces your thigh, your hand will then be able to cut through the water on its side. When you bring it up it should leave the water be thumb first. Once your arms have left the water your arms should come directly over your shoulder being an elevated positiondue to the body roll. When your thumb is your arms is gradually from your shoulder joint to place your hand in a little finger entry position as it passes yourhead on it's way down into the water.Make sure your arm is straight as wells relaxed during the recovery giving your arms an opportunity to recovery from thepropulsive phase. Make sure you do not overreach at this time. Swimming backstroke/ arm opposition When swimming backstroke the timing of the recovery and propulsive arm position is very important if you want to swim backstroke with good technique. As your recovering arm enters the water the propulsive arm should be sweeping down at the end of it's propulsive phase.The opposition of your arms helps with your body roll and your streamlining and it provides the most continuous application of propulsive force on the water. Swimming backstroke/ breathing When swimming backstroke breathing is not usually any problem because the head is free of the water and does not go into the water at any time. Breathing can take place at anytime during the stroke. Make sure that you take a regular pattern of breathing. The usual pattern of breathing isto take an in breath as one arm recovers and an out breath on the other arm recovery (in on one arm out on the other).Swimming backstroke/ co-ordination When swimming the backstroke there are two parts to co-ordination the timing the leg action with your arms as well as the arms with eachother. Swimming backstroke/ leg action tim ing The most common timing used is the six beat leg action this is complete by the time the cycle of the arms is complete. It is important that a strong balancing leg kick is used when swimming backstroke because as I mentioned before the arms are pitched outside the center line and the faster leg kick s used to maintain a streamline and horizontal position preventing lateral deviation (body moving side to side). The six beat action is the most commonly used a small minority of backstroke swimmers will use any other pattern. Swimming backstroke/ arm action timing When swimming backstroke your arms can be seen opposite each other but there is a period in this cycle when both arms are in the water at the same time. This is simply when one arm is moving towards the catch and the other is releasing the water and beginning the recovery.This is a slight overlap which ensures that your stroke doeskeep a continuous propulsion from your arms. Swimming backstroke/ faults, causes and correctio ns When you swim backstroke you will find you may have one or more faults, in this part of my page we will look at thefault that you may come across the reasons why and how you can improve and correct the fault. You may not realize youhave any kind of fault but it may be worth having a read in case you recognize something in your stroke which youmay not have realized is a fault.

The Gendered Power Struggles in “A & P” and “I Want a Wife”

In John Updike’s â€Å"A & P† and Judy Brady’s â€Å"I Want a Wife,† both authors are showcasing the various power struggles that occur in relationships between men and women.Both stories are written with a kind of sarcasm—in â€Å"A & P,† the narrator has a very sardonic view of the world which is clearly demonstrated in his narration, and in â€Å"I Want a Wife,† the entire piece is clearly written with a strong sense of irony.   Despite the tongue-in-cheek approach both of these stories take, both are addressing the a very prevalent social issue: the gendering of power.In â€Å"A & P,† Sammy (the narrator) spends much of the story describing these three adolescent girls who were brazen enough to walk into the A & P wearing nothing but swimsuits, right down to their bare feet.   Sammy focuses on one girl in particular, the one he refers to as â€Å"Queenie,† who is clearly the â€Å"leader† of the group and w ho oozes self-confidence.Queenie struts around the store with an obliviousness to the attention she is receiving from the men in a way that can only be deliberate—she is aware that she is being gazed at, as an attractive young woman wearing a bathing suit in a grocery store with the straps falling down her arms, yet she chooses to ignore the attention, as if it just wasn’t relevant to her.The other male employees of the store also pay careful attention to her, and signal to Sammy about the girls, but Sammy describes her in an almost reverential way (as opposed to strictly sexual), even down to the way she walks: â€Å"She came down a little hard on her heels, as if she didn’t walk in her bare feet that much, putting down her heels and then letting the weight move along to her toes as if she was testing the floor with every step, putting a little deliberate extra action into it† (PAGE #).Queenie presents herself as the female body to be viewed, welcoming t he male gaze, yet also rejecting it as something she does not need.   This is her power: she permits the men to look, but doesn’t give them the satisfaction of knowing that she is aware.   Sammy falls victim to this power of hers, the power of the intentionally unreciprocated gaze, to the point of quitting his job because he wanted to be â€Å"their unsuspected hero† (PAGE #).   In this power struggle, Queenie wins.But there is another which she fails—a power struggle with a man who is unimpressed with her presence, whose own authority is of more importance.   This man is the store manager, and he embarrasses Queenie and her friends by calling attention to their inappropriate attire.   Queenie stands up for herself, â€Å"getting sore now that she remembers her place, a place from which the crowd that runs the A & P must look pretty crummy† (PAGE #).Perhaps the man was simply trying to exert his authority over his domain; perhaps he was intentio nally trying to humiliate these young girls because as an adult male he possesses the power and authority to do so.   Regardless, he made Queenie blush—only a slight chink in her armor, but as he was the first to successfully make her self-conscious about her attire, Lengel won that power struggle.   And as a result, young Sammy, still very much under Queenie’s spell, quits.In â€Å"I Want a Wife,† Judy Brady takes a much more obvious stab at the power struggle between genders.   In this story-essay, Brady begins by noting that her newly-divorced male friend is looking for another wife, which turns her introspective and she herself begins citing all the various reasons why she, too, would like a wife.There is a lot of latent anger and bitterness in this piece—basically, by taking the narrative form of lauding all the advantages of having a wife, she is in effect creating a highly accusatory assault on men and how they take advantage of their wives.à ‚   The portrait she paints is one of lazy, ungrateful, thankless men who appreciate nothing their wives do and instead come to just expect it.   The recipient man of the wife Brady is describing is really nothing more than an emotional child, with the needs and demands and expectations of a spoiled child.Brady outlines how the wife does all the cooking, cleaning, child-rearing, childcare, shopping, working to put the husband through school, housework, entertaining, constantly there to meet all physical and emotional needs of the children and husband, never questioning anything, doing it all without complaint, remaining forever loyal and faithful, and expected to just leave quietly when the selfish child-like husband decides to replace her with a newer, younger, prettier wife.   Here the power struggle is the woman’s forced silence.   Brady is speaking on behalf of many â€Å"houseslaves† (as Sammy in â€Å"A & P† referred to them) who must suffer in silen ce.The whole point of this piece is to display how much the woman does suffer in silence, while also reiterating the fact that it is and must be in silence because that is the expectation.   The woman MUST bare the burden, because that is her role and that is what is expected of her.Brady’s narrator is struggling with this social expectation, yet she herself even suffers in silence and still continues to play the role, identifying herself in the very beginning as one of the very wives she is about to describe, aligning herself with exactly what she is longing for in a wife of her own: â€Å"I belong to that classification of people known as wives.   I am a Wife.   And, not altogether incidentally, I am a mother† (PAGE #).In both â€Å"A & P† and â€Å"I Want a Wife,† the power struggle—which is rooted, at least in these stories, primarily in social inequality—between men and women is clearly defined.   In both stories, there is the p resence of a strong female character who is struggling to resist her proscribed role as a weak, submissive female, yet who is still ultimately still held under the thumb of male dominance.   It is still the male’s power that ultimately reigns supreme, and despite the efforts of the quietly defiant Queenie and the defiance present in the internal musings of Brady’s narrator, both women still lost the struggle.Queenie still went home, embarrassed, her one source of power—positioning herself as an object to be looked at, making her power directly dependent upon the attention of the men she then rejects—having been quashed by a man who refused to let her have it.The narrator who was wishing for a wife of her own was doing so in her mind only as she continued with her wifely ironing.   Both women struggled internally with their own domination, but both remain dominated.

Student Soviet Union and Edit Section Essay

Student Soviet Union and Edit Section Essay Student: Soviet Union and Edit Section Essay Moldova From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the modern state. For the principality, see Moldavia. For other uses, see Moldova (disambiguation). Moldova i/mÉ”Ë lˈdoÊŠvÉ™/,[nb 1][nb 2] officially the Republic of Moldova (Romanian: Republica Moldova pronounced [reˈpublika molˈdova]), also known as Moldavia,[10] is a landlocked[11] country in Eastern Europe located between Romania to its west andUkraine to its north, east and south. Its capital city is HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" \o "ChiÈ™inÄÆ'u" ChiÈ™inÄÆ'u. Moldova declared itself an independent state with the same boundaries as the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1991 as part of the dissolution of the Soviet Union. A new constitution was adopted July 29, 1994. A strip of Moldova's internationally recognised territory on the east bank of the river Dniester has been under the de facto control of the breakaway government ofTransnistria since 1990. As a result of a decrease in industrial and agricultural output since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the relative size of theservice sector in Moldova's economy has grown to dominate its GDP and currently stands at over 60%. Moldova remains, however, the poorest country in Europe.[11][12]Moldova is a parliamentary republic with a president as head of state and a prime minister as head of government. It is, among other organizations, a member state of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization (WTO), theOrganization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC). The country aspires to join the European Union[13] and, to this end, has implemented an initial three-year action plan within the framework of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP).[14] Etymology[ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moldovaaction=editsection=1" \o "Edit section: Etymology" edit] Main article: Name of MoldovaThe name "Moldova" is derived from the Moldova River; the valley of this river was a political centre when the Principality of Moldavia was founded in 1359.[15] The origin of the name of the river is not clear. According to a legend recounted by Moldavian chroniclers HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitrie_Cantemir" \o "Dimitrie Cantemir" Dimitrie Cantemir and HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigore_Ureche" \o "Grigore Ureche" Grigore Ureche, the river was named by prince HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drago%C8%99" \o "DragoÈ™" DragoÈ™ after hunting an aurochs: after the chase, his exhausted hound Molda drowned in the river. The dog's name was given to the river and extended to the Principality.[16]History[ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moldovaaction=editsection=2" \o "Edit section: History" edit] Main article: History of MoldovaPrehistory[ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moldovaaction=editsection=3" \o "Edit section: Prehistory" edit] In 2010, HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldowan" \o "Oldowan" Oldowan flint tools were discovered at Bayraki that are 800,000-1.2 million years old. This demonstrates that early humans were present in Moldova during the early Paleolithic.[17] During the Neolithic stone age era, Moldova's territory was the centre of the large HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucuteni-Trypillian_culture" \o "Cucuteni-Trypillian culture" Cucuteni-Trypillian culture that stretched east beyond the Dniester River in Ukraine, and west up to and beyond the Carpathian Mountains in Romania. The inhabitants of this civilization, which lasted roughly from 5500 to 2750 BC, practiced agriculture, raised livestock, hunted, and made intricately designed pottery.[18]Antiquity and Middle Ages[ HYPERLINK

The 12 Days of Christmas in Spanish

The 12 Days of Christmas in Spanish Here are Spanish lyrics for The 12 Days of Christmas, a carol that has been sung in the English-speaking world since at least the 16th century. Los 12 das de Navidad El primer dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³una perdiz picando peras del peral. El segundo dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El tercer dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El cuarto dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El quinto dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El sexto dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El sà ©ptimo dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³siete cisnitos, seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El octavo dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³ocho lecheritas, siete cisnitos, seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El noveno dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³nueve bailarinas, ocho lecheritas, siete cisnitos, seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El dà ©cimo dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³diez seà ±ores saltando, nueve bailarinas, ocho lecheritas, siete cisnitos, seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El undà ©cimo dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³once gaiteritos, diez seà ±ores saltando, nueve bailarinas, ocho lecheritas, siete cisnitos, seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El duodà ©cimo dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³doce tamborileros, once gaiteritos, diez seà ±ores saltando, nueve bailarinas, ocho lecheritas, siete cisnitos, seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. Grammar and Vocabulary Notes Primer, segundo, tercer, etc.:  These are the words for  first, second, third, etc.  Primer  is a  shortened form  of  primero, and  tercer  is a shortened form of  tercero. They are shortened in this manner when appearing before a singular masculine noun. The forms used here for 11th and 12th are not common in spoken in Spanish. Dà ­a:  Dà ­a, meaning day, is an  exception  to the rule that nouns ending in  -a  are masculine. Navidad: This word can refer not only to Christmas Day but also to the season in general. Amor:  This is the word for love. It can refer not only to the emotion, but also to a person such as a sweetheart. It is related to the verb  amar. The noun  remains masculine even when it refers to a girl or woman. Mandà ³:  Mandà ³Ã‚  is a past-tense form of  mandar, which most often means to mandate or to order, but in this case means to send. Perdiz:  A partridge or ptarmigan. Picando:  This is  present participle  of  picar, which can mean to bite or to peck at. So a literal translation of this line would be a partridge pecking at pears of the pear tree. Note that here  the present participle functions as an adjective. In standard Spanish, the present participle acts as an adverb, but adjectival use such as this is sometimes used in poetry, journalistic writing, and translations from English. Pera, peral:  Pear, pear tree. The  suffix  -al  often refers to a tree or grove of trees. For example, an orange is a  naranja, while an orange grove is a  naranjal. Tortolita:  A name for numerous types of doves and related birds. Tortolita is a diminutive form of tà ³rtola, which can also refer to a turtledove. Diminutives such as this, while common in childrens music and literature, are not used extensively in serious contexts. Gallinita:  A  diminutive  form of  gallina, meaning hen.  Ã‚  A rooster is a  gallo. Pajarito:  A  diminutive  form of  pjaro, meaning bird. This could be translated as birdie. Anillo:  A ring. Dorado:  Golden. The word comes from ​dorar.  a verb that means to coat something with gold or to turn something brown. The word for gold is oro. Mam gansas:  About the only place youll find this phrase in Spanish is in this song - it means mother geese, but you normally wouldnt say it this way (one way would be  gansas madre).  Mam Gansa  and  Mam Ganso, however, are common ways of translating Mother Goose. Cisnito:  A  diminutive  form of  cisne, swan. Lecherita:  A  lechera  is a female who works with milk, usually someone who sells milk, but in context it could be one who milks cows.  Lecherita  is a  diminutive  form. Bailarina:  A female dancer, frequently referring to a ballet dancer. It is derived from bailar, the verb meaning to dance. Seà ±or:  Although this word is often used nowadays as a courtesy title translated as Mr., it can also refer to a lord.   Saltando:  The  present participle  of  saltar, to jump. Gaiterito:  A  diminutive  form of  gaitero, a piper. The related word gaita can refer to instruments such as flutes and bagpipes. Tamborilero:  A drummer. The related words tambor and tambora can also be used to refer to drums and drummers.

Interview a Family Business Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Interview a Family Business Leader - Essay Example It included a family and professional development plan that helped to achieve its best performance. They obtained market value, have reached the best opportunities for investment and innovation, paying much attention on quality and operational efficiency of their businesses (Epperlein, Kier, Rach, 2014). One of such family- owned businesses is the E&J Gallo Winery. When eighty years ago brothers Julio and Ernest Gallo started their business, it was the beginning of their dream to come true with the Gallo family tree roots to be established deep into the winery production. Nowadays Ernest and Julio Gallo’s children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren are involved in the Winery, passing their family traditions and values not only to the next generation but also to the whole world. They pay attention to ethic, quality of products and perfection performance of the wines they produce (E.&J. Gallo Winery, 2014). The Gallos are the worlds biggest family-owned winery business and may become soon the U.S.’s largest company that produces wine. The business owns eight wineries, has sixty brands sparkling, still and dessert wines. It is the biggest exporter of California wine. Locating on ninety thousands acres of ground, it has long-term contracts. There is an information that worldwide sales of the company are about eighty million cases. In 2013, the E. & J. Gallo Winery company celebrated its 80th anniversary (PinotFile, 2014). Today the Vice President of Marketing for E. & J. Gallo Winery is Stephanie Gallo, the granddaughter of the Gallo founder. Starting her career from almost her childhood, now she is member of the Board of Directors for the Human Services Center and is a regular speaker on women in business. In 2007 Stephanie Gallo was named a Young Entrepreneur of the Year by California State University Stanislaus for her contribution into the family enterprise and life of the community (Braham, 2014). Stephanie Gallo have started her career

Historical Portrayal of Genghis Khan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Historical Portrayal of Genghis Khan - Essay Example The rivalry of Mongol tribes propelled him to conquer other tribes and dynasties. His thirsty for power was evident at a younger age as he claimed to be installed as the chief of his clan at the age of 9. However, he was less more different from other rulers of early and modern civilizations where accumulation of scarce resources is the main motivating factor that drives conflicts and wars (Ratchnevsky, 1993). Genghis Khan was a good planner; likewise he adopted policies and laws that later shaped the strategies of most ancient civilizations. Religion was the unifying factor in the Mongol Empire, and he referred himself as the religious leader of the people which become the motivating factor for his military. In addition, some of the Genghis ideas were great beyond those of revolution era of 1900s. For example; he allowed religious tolerance in his empire where people practiced different religions without interruptions. Religious intolerance was common in early civilizations like the Roman Empire and Soviet. Furthermore, the conquest of the Chinese Empire opened the east to the west, making him a historical icon. The administrative system of Mongol ruler is clearly modern especially because of recognizing merit in promoting his staff just like a typical bureaucracy (Ratchnevsky, 1993). In short, Genghis mastered the policy of strengthening the tools of domination that enables an individual or a group of people to conquer and subdue others. He mainly used the military and accumulated land territory thus making powerful.

Totalitarianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Totalitarianism - Essay Example Totalitarianism is defined as a political organization in which the state strives to control all aspects of public and private life of its citizens. Totalitarian regimes stay in power by employing widespread use of violence, disseminating propaganda through state controlled media, political oppression, denial of freedom of speech and control over the economy. However, Hannah Arendt perceives totalitarian as a system where the state transform class into mass movements, have the national police assume the role of the military to instill terror in people and establish a foreign policy with the intention of domineering the whole world (Cohen & Fermon 575). Arendt argues that totalitarian movements established by totalitarian governments depend on the sheer force of numbers and not proportionate strength like other political parties. With this understanding, it is clear that communism, socialism, liberalism, feminism, conservatism and fascism are totalitarian ideologies. This paper is int ended to show that in the idea of Hannah Arendt, Benito Mussolini; a fascist, Vladimir Lenin; a communist, and Emma Goldman; anarchist and feminist, were all totalitarians. At the end of the First World War, Italy was found entangled in economic and political challenges. Public servants went on strike in urban centers while, in the rural areas, landless peasants grabbed the property of rich landlords. Benito Mussolini used this unrest as an opportunity to climb to power. He formed the fascist party which supported hard line nationalism, and condemned democratic system of government on the belief that competitor parties separated the state. They also reject communism and embraced personal property ownership. In the early 1920s, Mussolini and his supporters had worn the support of most Italian citizens by attacking the communists and socialists. In1922 Mussolini led Italians on a protest march on Rome supposedly to prevent a communist revolution but in a real sense to scare the government into appointing him as the prime minister of Italy. Immediately he was in office he enlarged his power by appointing Fascists to high positions, censoring the press, org anizing secret police, and outlawing condemnation of the government. He controlled the army and the schools making Italian citizens embrace the slogan â€Å"Everything in the state and nothing outside or against the state† (Cohen & Fermon 571). Mussolini’s Italy was dominated by one party; Fascist party and all opposition parties were wiped out. Mussolini also had a lot of power over this party, until people argued that the party had no part in running of the country but Mussolini himself. He later decided that he wants to run the country for himself and that the party is no longer important for anything else than doing what he wanted. Mussolini believed in making Italy great by making Italians go to war by all means. On his coming to power, he made Italians to belief that he was their savior considering hard times they were facing. He replaced the class society with the masses so that he can avoid criticism and later ruled them with the iron fist. For this, his action s constituted totalitarianism as defined by Arendt. Mussolini faulted the American democracy arguing that people do not know what they want and the best for them. He swore that someday America will know that democracy is only beautifully theoretically but a fallacy practically (Cohen & Fermon 532). Mussolini would have been right here when he said that people do not know what they want during voting in leaders. It has always been known that most of the leaders win elections because of their influence and not their ideology. The best people with good ideologies are normally left out. Vladimir Lenin believed in a

Fayols 4 Functions of Management

Fayols 4 Functions of Management Henri Fayol (1841-1925), praised as father of modern administrative management, focused on general and attitudes theories of managers practice. Fayol was the first to discover the specific managerial functions of planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling (Davidson et al, 2009 p.42). However, it has comprised of only four functions nowadays (planning, coordinating, leading and controlling). These functions have become the solid foundation and core management process, playing important roles in diverse organisations. Accordingly, this essay will further elaborates the Fayols functions and convince of its great influence within the contemporary management practices. However, errors and biases decision making such as overconfidence and sink costs might cause corporate crisis and scandal (Robbins et al, 2009 p.232). Port Klang Free Zone project (PKFZ) in Malaysia, has bring on a failure planning. Advisory firm Pricewaterhousecoopers (2009 p.11) has revealed PKFZ project actual cost had rose up from RM1,957 billion, predict to reach RM12,453 billion cumulative deficits in over time. Report further indicated that failure planning included weak governance and project management, lands purchased exceed market value, low project actual occupancy and so on. It is apparent that the management team are holding unrealistically positive view, tend to obtain reward and to avoid immediate costs. PKFZ project also failure to adjust adequately for subsequent information. Thereby, decision-makers ought to not be heuristics thus simplify. Fayols coordinating function still emphasises in current management practice. Coordinating linking and allocating the organisational activities and resources to ensure efforts are effectively (Davidson et al, 2009 p.280). Coordinating approaches consist of job specialisation, departmentalisation, allocating authority and also organising activities. These purposes are to maximising performance practices, and establish sustainable competitive advantages. For this example, Malaysia former Prime Minister Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad has a great effort on coordinated civil servants. He initiated civil service reform in his governance time, suggested paradigm shift needed from the civil servants in their attitude and approach towards their duties. Hereby in Mahathir theory, stated that civil service should more customers focused, responsive, results and performance oriented, accountable and innovative, with the capacity and capability of providing quality services (Ho and Chin, 2001 p.22). As a result, reform has increased the efficiency and effectiveness in the civil service administration and management. Besides, Malaysia Airlines (MAS) was another example to demonstrate the important of coordinating. Reformation MAS adopt to join global airline alliance to cut short their deficit flight lines and feed to alliance airline (Sia, 2007). Simultaneously, collaborate airlines would also allocate the regional flights to MAS. Therefore, both have equal advantages, despite MAS flights reduced but made more money. Leading is another element of Fayols function. Organisational manager should have leadership skills to lead employee. Robbins (2009 p.577) stated that a good leader should have clear goals, relevant skills, mutual trust and support, negotiating skills and unified commitment. Furthermore, effective communication increase productivity and avoid distrust between employees. As Mahathir (2004 p.118) outlined that explanations is one of the important jobs of a leader, because leader (manager) have to sell the idea to people (subordinates). Thereby, good communication should a leader have. However, Milne and Mauzy (1999 p.3) argued that the most important leadership traits are not discernible by looking at the leader alone but by looking at interactive leader-follower relations. It makes clear that leader should also be sensitive to what followers think. For instance, Asia leading low-cost carrier, Air Asia, has an extraordinary leading style. The management prefers casual and team-work approach, with less authority symbolises and allows employees to share opinion (AFP, 2004). The crew members clean the plane without regard for rank, and the top manager frequent get down operations with subordinates. CEO Tony Fernandes has further explained this is a way to motivate his staff (Kang, 2003). The forth Fayols functions are controlling. Controlling means restricting organizational activities to same targeted element of performance remain within acceptable limits (Davidson et al, 2009 p.318). Controlling is an indicator and it helps to ensure the process of implementing goal was in right direction, with comparing and evaluating its performance. In reality, due to goal perform is an ongoing process, contingency are often surround and occur during process, therefore, controlling provide the critical link back to planning. Well controlling will make productivity efficiency and achieve effectiveness goal. Air Asia as a low-cost airline has to constant looking of their cost and expenses. For example, Air Asia decides buying single type aircraft, which is Airbus A320. CEO Tony Fernandes (2007) make clear that Airbus A320 is cost economics than others aircraft, superior reliability and fuel efficient. Due to this, keeping single aircraft type reduces maintenance fees and staff training expenses. It is apparent that Air Asia has made effective control through cost-efficient. On the other hand, organisation without control managing ignoring of the target and what future happens to take, lastly cause failure management. Port Klang Free Zone project (PKFZ) as stated above, was also result in weak finance controlling. The report (2009 p.40) has illustrated PKFZ purchased land with exceeds market value, and twice to accept higher interest rates loan than originally contracted without reason, despite management team discovered financial statement facing deficit. In sum, overwhelming evidences make clear that Fayols functions involve great influence to contemporary organisational management practice. Planning, coordinating, leading and controlling are incurred reciprocal condition, interdependent and interaction. Managers have to engage in different activities and different management process well simultaneously. Without Fayols functions nowadays, Malaysia Airlines might be termination, dissolution or take over by others. Also, entirely low-cost airlines organisations even many low-cost industries cannot survive. PKFZ project is not without planning, but a weakness planning and controlling. If plans and controls in satisfactory, it might be a flourish regional trade, distribution and procurement centres. Hence, it could therefore be concluded with practice well of Fayols functions, although goal cannot assure be success but can minimise the challenges and drawbacks among the approach.