The Louisiana Purchase and its Consequences Essay - 994 Words

The Louisiana Purchase could be known as one of the greatest real estate deals of all time. On April 30, 1803, America expanded from seventeen states to a country almost doubled that size for the price of fifteen million dollars. That equates to about three cents per acre. About 828,000 square miles of western territory that became six states and parts of nine additional present day states. (History.com Staff 2009) The Louisiana Purchase was a result of many factors that took place. A couple of these factors are the Spanish control of New Orleans and Napoleon’s desire for the Caribbean Island of Haiti. The boundaries of the territory consist of the Mississippi River on the east, the Gulf of Mexico on the south, the Rocky Mountains on†¦show more content†¦(Randolph n.d.) In 1802 Spain again blocked the United States for passing goods through New Orleans again. President Thomas Jefferson, at the time, had concerns about this since this was not the first time Spain r estricted usage of New Orleans. Under the Jefferson administration, the United States became aware of the secret Treaty of San Ildefonso which said that Spain would give back the Louisiana Territory back over to the French. This sparked major concern; based on the history France and their aggression over territory, this was considered a threat to the US western border. (Dictionary of American History 2003) This was an attributing factor that identified the need for the United States to purchase the port city of New Orleans. If it wasn’t for Napoleon’s vision for Haiti, along with Haiti’s struggle for independence, there may have not been a Louisiana Purchase. Napoleon Bonaparte knew that Haiti was an extremely valuable asset to France because it provided two thirds to France’s foreign trade. At that particular time the colony of Haiti had an abundance of wealth, in part, due to sugar production. Working on the sugar plantations in Haiti were several t housands of slaves. The slaves were treated very brutally which lead to the Haitian slave rebellion led by Toussaint LOuverture. Inspired by the French Revolution, LOuverture led a very gory revolt which was a result of how badly the slaves, including him,Show MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of Louisiana Purchase1286 Words   |  6 PagesLouisiana Purchase, more prominently known as an acquisition that doubled the size of the country we reside in, was much more than just a simple purchase, much less an easy one. Thomas Jefferson had to consider all the aspects, consequences, and effects that the decision of buying 2,144,500 square kilometers of land would have on the country (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia 1). This purchase brought many improvements to the country, but also had unexpected consequences that would transform the countryRead MoreIn The Year Of 1803, The U.S. Had Just Acquired The Louisiana900 Words   |  4 Pageshad just acquired the Louisiana Territory. The 3rd president Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million. All eyes were on the Louisiana affair. Some Americans disagree with the U.S. gaining such big piece of land. They thought that it was not worth the money. But the Louisiana Purchase benefited America in many ways. The purchase doubled the size of the U.S. and it made the U.S. one of the biggest countries in the world. The Louisiana Purchase had made America biggerRead MoreAnalysis Of A Wilderness So Immense By John Kukla1487 Words   |  6 PagesImmense by John Kukla explores the events leading up to and the enduring effects of the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. Kukla begins his story almost twenty years before Jefferson bought the Louisiana territory from France and analyzes how factors ranging from major revolutions to personal relationships all culminated to make the most famous land acquisition in American history possible. He argues that the Louisiana Purchase was not only a case a good luck on Jefferson’s part or solely the result of Napoleon’sRead MoreThe State Of The Louisiana Territory1616 Words   |  7 Pages The purchasing of the Louisiana territory was not as easy of a business transaction as one might think. It was a very rushed, stressful process that caused President Thomas Jefferson a considerable amount of mental and emotional anguish. The problem that was the Louisiana purchase can be broken into three parts: Jefferson’s dilemma, Jefferson’s decision, and the consequences. The Louisiana Purchase was one of the most influential events in American history because it helped not only double the sizeRead MoreThe Mexican -american War And The Annexation Of The Republic Of Texas Essay1659 Words   |  7 PagesSome examples are the Louisiana purchase from1803 and the Spanish Florida annexation. One of the most significant and controversial in the antebellum years was the Texas annexation which was a result of the War between Mexico and the war of independence by Texan rebels on the late 1830’s and 1840’s. Therefore, the annexation of the Republic of Texas exis ted from 1836-1845 produced controversy and consequences on both sides of the border. In order to understand the consequences of the war, it is importantRead MoreThe Louisiana Purchase Treaty1363 Words   |  6 PagesThe Louisiana Purchase impacted the United States significantly. On April 30th of 1803, the Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed by Robert Livingston, James Monroe, and Barbe Marbois in Paris, France. This was the territory that France sold to the United States.1 Both the agriculture and the economy got substantially boosted due to this territory. The Louisiana Purchase had an impact on the United States agriculturally, economically, and to advance imperialistic goals. Spain originally claimedRead MoreExpanding Powers Of Presidency : The United States Government941 Words   |  4 Pagesthat the president â€Å"shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed†. The clause is known as the take care clause, which many presidents used to extract more powers from. In the famous case of Louisiana Purchase in 1803, President Thomas Jefferson signed a treaty with France to purchase Louisiana at a high price of $15 million dollars. As a strong anti-federalist, Jefferson performed such a federalist action that simply surpassed the restrictions of constitution on executive branch. Yet, JeffersonRead MoreMajor Turning Points in U.S. History (1492-1820)1366 Words   |  6 Pagesthe immediate case, and the second is as a precedent for future development. When calculating the most substantial turning points of something as expansive as an entire country one must discern not merely the immediate effects, but the long-term consequences as well. Throu ghout the duration of this essay I will briefly analyze what is perceived to be the most imperative turning points in American history politically, socially, culturally, and economically on, not simply an immediate premise, but alsoRead MoreNapoleons Lack of Leadership Skills Essay1121 Words   |  5 Pagesnationalism arose within the citizens of the confederation. Due to the dependency that the leaders of the confederation had on Napoleon, the population of the Rhine could not achieve their aspiration of a self-sustaining German country. As a consequence of the inability to achieve their ambition, a national resentment of their rulers and Napoleon developed throughout the nation. The confederation fell after the battle of Leipzig, and gradually, the people of Germany started to become the supervisingRead MoreThe United States Essay1243 Words   |  5 PagesBetween the start of the 1800’s and the mid 1850’s, the United States acquired a vast amount of territory th rough wars, annexation, and purchases. Beginning with Thomas Jefferson and the Louisiana purchase in 1803, the United States began a campaign to acquire all the territory west of the Mississippi River and reach the coast of the Pacific Ocean. This time period would become known as Manifest Destiny. Over the five decades that Manifest Destiny lasted politics and the government changed along

The Ins and Outs of a Necropsy

Necropsy is a dissection of a dead animal to determine the cause of death. In essence, it is an autopsy performed on an animal, such as a whale or shark. Necropsies can help us learn more about the biology of an animal, how it is affected by disease or how human interactions may impact animals. Veterinarians regularly perform necropsies on livestock in order to determine whether the cause of death is due to sickness or other environmental factors that may affect the rest of the livestock. If caught early, we can use the information to prevent or contain outbreaks. Zoos  and other institutions that care for animals also perform necropsies on animals that have died in their care in order to ensure the safety of other animals who may be affected. Common Necropsy Procedures Some of the procedures for a necropsy include collecting samples from one or more of the internal organs, examining the stomach contents and looking for signs of trauma. The blood will also be examined in order to determine enzyme values and other factors.  From the necropsy, researchers and veterinarians are able to determine how old an animal is, whether or not a female had been pregnant and what the animal ate.   When it comes to whales, skeletons are kept after the necropsy and sent to universities, schools, and museums so that the specimen  can be studied well into the future.

Analysis of Activity Based Accounting Free Essays

Introduction Activity-Based Costing (ABC), a tool for cost management, has recently gained popularity, is based on a simple idea: in an enterprise, overhead (or operating expenses) are measured by a number of activities needed to successfully perform manufacturing and business processes. The total cost of a product is the sum of the costs of activities that are the real cause of the overhead include establishing vendor relations, purchasing, receiving, setting up a machine, running the machine, disbursing, reorganizing the production flow, redesigning the product, and taking a customer order (Turney, 1989). By design, ABC provides not only relatively accurate cost data, but also information about the origin of the cost (Cooper and Kaplan, 1988). We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Activity Based Accounting or any similar topic only for you Order Now In ABC, the manufacturing overhead are assigned to products in a more logical manner than the traditional approach of simply allocating costs on the basis of machine hours. It permits the very important distinction between resource usage and resource spending (Cooper and Kaplan, 1992). Traditional cost models apply resources to products in two ways. So called direct costs like material and direct labour are attributed directly to the product and other resources are arbitrarily allocated to the product, typically through the mechanism of direct labour hours, labour dollars or machine hours. Sales, marketing and administrative costs are not included in product costs. But, Activity Based Costing (ABC) does not change the way material and direct labour are attributed to manufactured products with the exception that direct labour loses its special place as a surrogate application method for overhead resources. Direct labour is considered another cost pool to be assigned to processes and products in a meaningful manner, no different than any other resource. The primary task of activity based costing is to break out indirect activities into meaningful pools which can then be assigned to processes in a manner which better reflects the way costs are actually incurred. The system must recognize that resources are consumed by processes or products in different proportions for each activity Activity Based Costing Advantages †¢ More accurate costing of products/services, customers and distribution channels. †¢ Better understanding overhead for everyone. †¢ Utilizes unit cost rather than just total cost. †¢ Integrates well with Six Sigma and other continuous improvement programs. †¢ Makes visible waste and non-value added. †¢ Supports performance management and scorecards. †¢ Enables costing of processes, supply chains and value streams. †¢ Here mirrors way work is done. †¢ Support facilitates benchmarking. †¢ One of benefit of ABC is, it enhance the strategic decision making for managers in a company .They can bring new information that they haven’t noticed before so they can take better decision about cost. †¢ Help the manager to understand where there are lot more cost and prod it breaks action as we can see in power drip packing in labour and maintenances. Advantages of switching to machine hours as an overhead recovery base: 1. With machine hour rate, the Cylinder manufacturing company (CMC) can accuse almost all operating expenses on the basis of machines. 2. With the help of under absorption of machine overhead, CMC can find the idle time of machine. Then, can try to reduce it. 3. It is useful to increase efficiency of machine, because CMC can use it effective way and all overheads depends on it. 4. It is a scientific method to calculate factory overhead cost. 5. By this, CMC can firstly calculate total production cost, after this, it is very easy to calculate selling price of any product. 6. If we absorbed overheads on the basis of machine hours, CMC can get more meaningful and accurate product cost compared to labour hours. If we look at the Cylinder manufacturing company case study, then we will find the following overheads based on machine hours and labour hours. For overheads based on labour hours The Budgeted labour rate = ?149.825 per dlh Total overheads for Standard products = ?149.825 per dlh x 2,500 dlh = ?374,562.5 Total overheads for Specialised products = ?149.825 per dlh x 1,500 dlh = ?224,737.5 Overheads based on machine hours Total machine hours=6500. Total overheads to be distributed=?599,300 Budgeted overhead burden/machine hour=599300/6500 =?92.2 pounds. Total Overhead burden for standard products=92.2*3500=?322,700. Total Overhead burden for specialized products=92.2*3000=?276,600. If Cylinder manufacturing company uses machine hours for overhead calculation instead of labour hours, then the output will be more accurate. It is quite easy to find the machine hours correctly than labour hours. As the machine is in automated system, from a machine they can find the correct information about the total machine hours used by a product. Moreover the efficiency of all machines are all most same but it’s vary a lot for labours, because all human beings efficiency is not same. In the case of labour hour the difference between overheads for standard product and specialised product is high. But for machine hours it is relatively low. But we know, specialised product needs more machine hours than the standard products. Therefore, the gap should be low. So, we can say absorbed overheads on the basis of machine hours give more accurate output than absorbed overheads on labour hours. Then the manager can know the cost of sell more accurately and select correct pricing for the product and maximizing the profit. Comparison among three accounting methods: Here, I will be working through the provided data three times. Firstly, I will show how traditional cost accounting methods might deal with them; secondly to look at the multiple volume based overhead method; and, finally, I will illustrate the ABC method using all of the data in great detail. Traditional allocation method (direct labour hours basis): The direct labour hour rate is total overheads total number of labour hours 599,300 4,000 ?149.825 per dlh The overheads recovered are: Direct labour hour rate x number of direct labour hours per product For Standard products, the calculation is: ?149.825 per dlh x 2,500 dlh = ?374,562.5 For Specialised products, the calculation is: ?149.825 per dlh x 1,500 dlh = ?224,737.5 Multiple volume based allocation method: This method has an advance on the traditional allocation method in that it does make some allowance for activities to influence the absorption of overheads. In the case of Cylinder manufacturing company, two absorption rates to apply here: the receiving department overhead rate, and the â€Å"other† overhead rate The reasoning here is that, the organisation I am simulating is using a two rate basis of apportioning overheads: firstly, a material handling overhead rate is used to assign overhead to a separate cost centre on the basis of the number of number of stores orders; secondly all of the other overheads are assigned using a general machine hour rate on the basis that the number of machine hours far exceeds the number of labour hours. The Materials handling overhead rate is Total Materials handling overheads Total number of stores orders ?119,600 460 ?260 per stores orders For Standard products, ?260 per stores orders x 160 stores orders = ?41,600 For Specialised products, ?260 per stores orders x 300 stores orders = ?78,000 The other overhead rate, calculated by dividing the total other overheads by the number of machine hours applied, is: ?599,300 – ?119,600 6,500 machine hours ?479,700 6,500 machine hours ?73.8 per machine hours For Standard products other overheads cost is, ?73.8 per machine hours x 3500 machine hours = ?258,300 For Specialised products other overheads cost is, ?73.8 per machine hours x 3000 machine hours = ?221,400 Therefore, Total overhead burden for standard product= ?299,900 Total overhead burden for standard product= ?299,400 ABC Method: To apply the ABC method, we need to identify cost drivers for two stages: 1 cost drivers tracing the costs of inputs into cost pools; and 2 cost drivers tracing the cost pools into product costs The workings that follow illustrate clearly how such cost drivers work through the ABC system in these two stages: an initial overhead amount being further subdivided into two parts according the needs of the situation. Cost of machines driven by machine hours Standard product = 3,500/6,500*279,500=?150,500 Specialized 3,000/6,500*279,500=?129,000. Set up and engineering support cost driven by number of set ups. Standard product = 80/280*200,200=?57,200 Specialized product = 200/280*200,200=?143,000 Material handling cost driven by number of stores orders Standard product = 160/460*119,600=?41,600 Specialized product = 300/460*119,600=?78,000 Total overhead burden for standard product = ?249,300 Total overhead burden for specialized product = ?350,000 Total overheads for standard and specialised product in three accounting methods are shown in the following table Standardproduct Specialised product DLH ?374,562.5 ?224,737.5 Multi Volume ?299,900 ?299,400 ABC ?249,300 ?350,000 From the above comparisons, it is cleared that multiple volume based allocation method gives more accurate data than daily labour hour method. But activity based costing system is the best as it gives more meaningful data than others, therefore Cylinder manufacturing company should try it for their cost reduction. How Cylinder manufacturing company can implement activity based costing system: As we know ABC is little bit heard to implement and more time consuming, because so much informative can be required about lots of items. And there is a cost of buying, implementing and maintaining activity based system. According to me, in order to implementation Cylinder manufacturing company require a lot of preparation, because as it mention before there are a lot activities and information that needs to be gathered .So before going to implement ABC, Cylinder manufacturing company must be prepared it self by gathering lot of information for understand what exactly they are going to doing. During the setup time of activity based costing, they can temporally use old marginal and absorption account method. Management focus need to be changed on not just the performance but the activities that going into that performance need to be paradise here, the organization should not just focus on one area, the overall view of the company. It has to change the manager view of the company here managers are not just looking at the cost there are going go back to the activities, needs to change their attitude towards those cost activities. Overall, if the company implemented it properly they understood what they doing with ABC methods and they can see the benefit of the actually using this. Bibliography: Cooper, R. (1988) â€Å"The Rise of Activity-Based Costing – Part One: What is an Activity-Based Cost System?† Journal of Cost Management (Summer), pp. 45-54. Cooper, R. (1988) â€Å"The Rise of Activity-Based Costing – Part Two: When Do I Need an Activity-Based Cost System?† Journal of Cost Management (Fall), pp. 41-58 Gunasekaran, A. and Singh, D. (1999) â€Å"Design of activity-based costing in a small company: a case study† Computers Industrial Engineering 37, pp. 413–416 Kaplan, R. S. (1988). â€Å"One Cost System Isn’t Enough,† Harvard Business Review, January-February, pp. 61-66. Kelline S. C., Downet, R. G. and Smitt L.G. (2001) â€Å"Activity-based costing and higher education: Can it work?† Available at: http://www.iupindia.org/books/ABC%20of%20Activity-Based%20Costing_Cont.asp. [Accessed on May 15, 2011] Williamson, D. (1996) â€Å"Cost and Management Accounting† Prentice Hall. Available at: http://business.fortunecity.com/discount/29/abcworkex.htm [Accessed on May 15, 2011] Oulu University Library (2000) â€Å"Implementation of design to profit in a complex and dynamic business context:Chapter 2. Life cycle analysis and product costing†. Available at: http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514264509/html/x1194.html [Accessed on May 16, 2011] MBAbullshit.com (2010) â€Å"Activity Based Costing Example Part 1 to 8† You Tube. Available at: http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514264509/html/x1194.html [Accessed on May 17, 2011] References: Cooper, R. and Kaplan, R. S. (1988) â€Å"Measure Costs Right: Make the Right Decisions† Harvard Business Review, September/October, pp. 96-102. Turney, P. B. B. (1989). â€Å"Activity-Based Costing: A Tool for Manufacturing Excellence† Target, summer, pp. 13-19. Cooper, R. and Kaplan, R. S. (1992). â€Å"Activity-Based Systems: Measuring the Costs of Resource Usage † Accounting Horizons, September, pp. 1-13. How to cite Analysis of Activity Based Accounting, Essay examples

Environmental Analysis Change in the Business Environment

Question: Task 1 Mergers and acquisitions (MA) represent two major areas of strategic business planning and decision-making. MA decisions occur within wider business and regulatory environments and each decision to merge or buy carries with it significant opportunities and risks. a) Using relevant examples, evaluate current laws and policy governing Mergers and Acquisitions in the UK.b) Research and analyse the acquisitions of BHS with specific reference to the opportunities and risks associated with this type of business planning. Task 2 A business exists and operates within environments. Each environment consists of different factors of varying type, risk and ability to control. Apply the following environmental analysis tools to the business factors, risks, controls and impacts that you think are relevant to BHS: a) Internal environment: use McKinsey 7S. b) Industry competition: use Porters Five Forces Analysis. Answer: Introduction In this report, environmental analysis for BHS by analyzing the impact of environmental factors on the business strategies and planning of the firm is carried out. The internal environmental analysis, industry competition, and macro environment will be analyzed by using strategic tools, McKinsey 7S model, Porters five forces analysis, and PESTLE analysis representatively. Internal analysis of BHS McKinsey 7S model is an important strategic framework that can be used to analyze the internal environmental impact on the business performances and strategies of BHS. This is an important framework to improve the business performance and decision-making of the firm by examining the likely effects of future changes within the firm. This tool will assist the firm in providing strategic advantage by implementing the best business strategy. This is following discussed as: Staff- BHS is an international retailing firm for the cloths, apparels, and household items that employs skilled, talented, and experienced staff for handling both internal and external business operations of the firm. However, there has been lot of challenges in the operations of BHS. Recent challenges could be attributed the lack of effective leadership from the top management of the company. Skills- BHS is a global retailing brand having good management skills and core competencies to enjoy the strategic competitive advantage. It organizes both formal and specialized training sessions for improving marketing, communication, technical, and interpersonal skills of the employees (Kotler and Keller, 2009). So, the management and support staff of the organisation has skills that could make it successful. Though, recent poor performance of the firm could be linked with some poor skills in the staff as well. Shared Values- It represents the core values, such as ethical values, management competencies and corporate culture of BHS that assist the company to improve its internal business performance, brand image, and decision-making of the company. Style- BHS has democratic leadership style to manage the workforces effectively. The leader of BHS supports the team members by giving them important guidelines for resolving their complaints and issues. He also allows the participation and engagement of the team members in the companys meetings and decisions. Structure- BHS has a hierarchical business structure having centralization, span of control, and hierarchy of authority. The matrix organization structure of BHS organizes the people, processes, functions, and departments interactively(Grozaand Ragland, 2015). Strategy- It uses differentiation and centralized distribution strategy, to establish and maintain competitive advantage in the competitive global retailing industry. Systems- BHS has internal organizational system comprising of formalized procedure for measurement, reward system, quality control system, performance appraisal system, and resource allocation. The senior management has strong control and supervision on the daily activities and performances of the staff members. Industry Competition Porters five forces model will be used as a strategic planning tool to identify the intensity of level of competition for BHS in the retailing fashion industry. This strategic model will analyze the impact of Porters five forces on business performance and strategic positioning of BHS in the competitive marketplace. This tool will involve five forces including Bargaining power of Suppliers, the Bargaining power of Buyers, Threats of new entrants, the threat of substitutes, and Industry rivalry. The impact of Porters five forces on the businesses of BHS is following discussed as:- Supplier power- This is relatively moderate as suppliers of BHS products do not have very differentiated products and also there are number of suppliers. BHS sources the products from the third party suppliers or manufacturers who receive small amount of profits. Buyers power- This is moderate for BHS because the UK retailing fashion industry is highly dynamic and competitive. BHS has low customer retention rate because of no fixed customers for BHS. There is high possibility of switching customers to another retailing fashion brands because of changing needs, aspirations, and fashion preferences of the customers rapidly. Threat of new entrants- This is high for BHS because of entry of new retailing firms in the UK retailing industry at large extent. The UK fashion industry is highly competitive and dynamic that provides a lots of business opportunities for the new retailing firms to operate their businesses with significant initial investments. A range of new retailing firms is creating stiff competition to the established operations of BHS(Guay, 2014). The threat of Substitutes- This is low for BHS because BHS is an established retailing clothing firm which has been running its business operations in the global retailing industry since 1928, its not easy to replace the business operations and products of BHS entirely from the marketplace. Industry Rivalry- This is high for BHS because of high intensity of competition in the UK retailing industry. The major retailing firms, such as Lewis, Marks Spenser, Burberry, and ASDA are creating stiff competition to BHS. Macro Environment PESTLE Analysis PESTLE Analysis is an acronym to analyze the impact of external environmental factors, such as political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, legal, and environmental on the business performances and operations of BHS in the long-term. This tool assists the company to improve the decision-making and strategic performance by exploiting the external business opportunities. The macro environmental analysis for BHS is as following:- Political factors- The political factors, such as political stability/instability, government intervention and attitude, trade union legislations, and changing market conditions may affect the business performance and administration functions of British Home Stores. For ex- the employment legislations, such as Minimum Wages lawwill affect the firmdirectly by forcing it to pay minimum rates for the workers. Economic factors- The UK economy has been facing the fluctuations, such as economic recession or crisis, high labor costs, high cost materials, and economic leadershipfor last times that may affect the business performance of BHS in the marketplace. The economic factors will affect the demand and supply activities of BHS for the retailing household items, fashion wears, and apparels(Botha, Kourie, and Snyman, 2014). For ex- the adverse economic conditions, such as high interest rates, high labor costs, and high exchange rates may affect the customer shopping behavior and spending pattern which in turn will affect the demand for the retailing items of the firm. Socio-cultural factors- The growing demographic differences, working age population, social mobility of labors, seasonal demands, rapidly changing customers preferences and fashion trends and industry dynamics may affect the business performance and strategic planning of BHS. The UK retailing fashion industry is high dynamic and complex because of the changing needs, wants, and aspirations of the customers which will create major challenges to the future operations of BHS. Technological factors- The growing technological awareness and inventions may affect the business operations, gross productivity, and profitability of BHS. British Home Stores is a global retailing company that operates in clothing, household items, convenience groceries and apparels as the growing e-business trends, wide use of mobile apps and social media sites, and enhancing online visibility of the products may affect the business performance of the company at local and international level. For this, BHS can consider technological advancements and innovation to produce the clothing items with latest fashions and high street designsand valued services according to acceptability of the products to the customers. Legal factors- The growing government spending and legislations, taxation policies, and trade union laws and regulations may affect the business expansion, profitability, and productivity of BHS. For ex- Minimum Wages act, Fair employment policies, Customer Protection act, Social Security laws, and fair competition act will pressurize the company to follow the trade legislation policies and ensure fairness and transparency in the competition structure by avoiding the monopolistic conditions(Morrison, 2011). Environmental factors- The growing environmental constraints and conflicting issues may affect the global brand image, customer loyalty, and sustainable product performance of BHS. The environmental constraints, such as wastages of raw materials and effluents, excessive emissions of gases and green-house effect may harm to the society and local people. References Botha, A., Kourie, D., and Snyman, R. (2014) Coping with Continuous Change in the Business Environment: Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management Technology. Paris: Elsevier. Groza, D. M., and Ragland, B. C. (2015) Marketing Challenges in a Turbulent Business Environment: Proceedings of 2014 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) World Marketing Congress. London: Springer International Publishing. Guay, R. T. (2014) The Business Environment of Europe: Firms, Governments, and Institutions. London: Cambridge University Press. Kotler, P. and Keller, K. L. (2009) Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, and Control. New York: Prentice-Hall. Morrison, J. (2011) The Global Business Environment: Meeting the Challenges. Canada: Palgrave McMillan.